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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Catholic Ex-Servicemen's Association ： ウィキペディア英語版 Catholic Ex-Servicemen's Association The Catholic Ex-Servicemen's Association (CESA) was an apolitical vigilante organisation in Northern Ireland during the early years of the Troubles.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Lost Revolution )〕 It was established in Belfast in 1971, following the introduction of internment, to protect Catholic areas from both Ulster loyalists and British security forces.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Newry Memoirs - Catholic Ex-Servicemen’s Mixed Status In Newry Area )〕 Its main founder was Phil Curran who, in common with other members, had served in the British military. The CESA was organised on a paramilitary basis and had a small amount of firearms.〔 It was at its most active in 1972 when it claimed that its membership was 8,000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CAIN: Abstracts of Organisations - 'C' )〕 The CESA maintained barricades and carried out patrols, usually unarmed. Depending on the circumstances, it sometimes co-operated with both the Irish Republican Army and (less often) the British Army.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights )〕 Its attempts to acquire legal firearms because of the service of its members in the British military were stymied by the Protestant government of Northern Ireland and Royal Ulster Constabulary. It often came under attack from the Military Reaction Force.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=British Army stupidity increased IRA support )〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Catholic Ex-Servicemen's Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.